Table of Contents
Summary
Introduction
Beginning/opening
Examining prior research on the topic
Original: The study found that there was a significant difference in the results
Paraphrased: The findings indicated a noteworthy variation in the outcomes.
Research approach
Analysis of Discourse from a Critical Perspective
In conclusion
Cited sources
Summary
This paper is intended to clarify the meaning of Imran khan’s speech at United Nations. Three types of Fairclough Text Analysis, Practical Analysis and Social Culture Analysis were applied. Political speeches are contextual. Hidden messages can be found within political text. Fairclough 3D model allows us to investigate all these texts. I answered all the research question that Imran Khan asked me. It was about how he referred to other countries as the reason for Islamophobia in the united nation speech. It also discussed how he stated that Islam is peaceful and that all religions are equally important.
IntroductionCDA was created to expose the implicit ideas and motivations of powerful individuals in any given context. The first publication of a book titled Language and Control in Britain was in 1989. CDA allows you to analyze both the positive and the negative aspects of a text or spoken word. It does not just concern political fields. It can be applied to advertisement, newspaper and body language. CDA uses different critical theories, such as feminism, nationalism and Marxism. We use all of these theories to critically examine any written or spoken work. This is how we analyze speech and work. It is possible to secure power and hegemony by creating critical relationships between discourses and groups of people. Antonio Gramsci (1971), proposed the notion of hegemony. Gramscian views politics as a struggle to hegemony. Leadership purpose is the ability to reach agreement. CDA is a discourse analysis branch that is often used to analyze written and spoken political texts. Fairclough (1995), a specialist in new-era CDA, described it as: A type of discourse analysis that aims to orderly highlight often obscured links of causality or determination between (a. discursive practices and events and (b. wider social and cultural structures and relations; to examine how these practices, events, and texts are ideologily shaped and influenced by power relations and struggles for power; and to study how their opacity in maintaining power relations. Fairclough (1995), defined CDA (Contextual Discourse Analysis) as “a method of analysing discourse that uncovers implicit meaning, ideology, or power exercise of a political individual.” Language is linked to social realities. This means that what we see within a society becomes part our discourse. This paper examines Imran khan’s remarks about Islamophobia and other nations in his speech to the UN. CDA is possible using different methods. Ruth Wodok uses linguistic, cognitive, social and cognitive theories to analyze text. Ruth Wodok is focused on text in a certain field. Fairclough’s model includes analysis of text, analysis and practice as well as analysis and interpretation of discursive events. Literature ReviewA Critical Analysis of candidate speeches suggests that the key to a successful election campaign is their use of flexible language and ability to make an impression on their audience. Discourse isn’t just a mental or lingual matter. It can also contain thoughts, emotions, excitements, and even feelings. A discourse’s significance is not determined by its reasoning power. It is the difference between cognitive and rational factors and emotional, persuasive and inductive factors. It is important to realize that discourses have two sides. Cultural contexts will show social variations in how discourses are positioned. Political lies play a significant role in election campaigns. A political discourse that is more mixed with the political culture of a society will have greater success chances. A significant aspect of political critical discourse analysis is the idea that a meaningful speech is one that meets the needs and expectations of the community. Iran is an example of a country where cultural factors are important in order for a political discourse to dominate election campaigns. Fairclough (1995), defines discourse analyses as “an analysis technique that comprises linguistic description and explanation of (productive and interpretationative) discursive processing and the text. It also explains the relationship among the discursive, social, and discursive processes. McCarthy (2000) further states that discourse analyze deals with language depending on the context in its use. Discourse analysis doesn’t just focus on the language pattern, it considers the text as a function of the situation.
Shabanali Bhrampoor (2001), outlined these objectives for DA:
To demonstrate the connection between author, reader and content
To emphasize the structure of discourse analysis or text production
To highlight the effects of text (generally speaking) and text accordingto situation (social, historical, cultural, on discourse
To clarify specific conditions of the discourse maker
To clarify the meaning of variability
To demonstrate the connection between text and group believes
A new technique and method was developed to study text, media and politics.
There are several areas in Discourse Analysis. CDA helped me achieve my objectives. Mrs. Sh. Mrs. Sh. was the editor-in-chief of the Farzan Dane Gil weekly publication and utilized media discourse analysis CDA as her primary focus during her City Council Election campaign. Consequently, the nature of power embedded in her discourse was not entirely satisfactory, as Fairclough would call it, the ‘power behind discourse’ being shrouded in obscurity. Media discourse can be described as one-sidedness discourse. This is when students don’t understand their listeners. What they say is then transferred message to the ideal matter candidate. Mrs. S tries to make clear the extent of issues in Rasht city and her efforts to fix them through deep discussions. She stressed that women should be more involved in city management to ensure women are in a better position in the public and private spheres. She stated that by using words like ’emphasize and ’point out’, she is clarifying a type or power. Mrs. Sh. used Van Leeuwen personification to describe her statements. She said “media helped ME …’, which is a compensatory ability that puts influences on each individual being taught.” Mrs. S. also mentioned the term ‘Islamic Government’ in her final statement. While she didn’t reveal any of her political skills, Mrs. S mentioned the phrase “Islamic Government”. This phrase is the principal point of Principality party within our country. His requesting technique is that he uses feelingful language in order to reach consensus. Another technique is the use relational value. As he described his vision, he also used Argumentative technique to issue vanishing to collect relational elements of conversational dialogue. His statement that “all of you should” portrayed solidarity using relational elements of a conventional political discourse type. When he mentions the modal verb should’, it is clear that he uses power to express his opinion. Mr.A used face-to -face discourse throughout his campaign lie at City Council Election. He believed it was the best method of his succession. He addressed the individuals he was meeting during face-to-face dialogue and made contributions. He knew his listeners well enough to struggle to use the language that he adapted. He decided to adapt his language based upon the information he received. One of most striking features of face–to-face discourse was the transparent nature of power relations. Mr. A noted many responsibilities within several companies. Faircloughs says that the word responsibility in political discourse emphasizes power. Fairclough also asked for help from others. Fairclough argues that speech choice is an indicator of power, mission and vision. Mrs. Sh. holds the principal position. The main position of Mrs. Sh. Also, she used relative pronouns using pronouns ‘we’. Her success was also due to her cultural values. Due to her well-respected appearance, exceptional character and religious views, she received a lot more votes than any other candidate. The beginning of Mr. A’s speech was a presentation of himself to his audience. He speaks in grand words and influences his audience. Fairclough was not supportive of female politicians. Fairclough claims that politicians criticize each other in order to display their power. A person who criticizes someone means that they have power. MethodologyI analysed Imran Khan’s speech with the Fairclough framework. This framework is for conceptualizing and analysing discourse. Discourse is text, which can be defined as the choice of words, sentence structure, and turn taking. This dimension focuses on grammar. Discourse as discursive practices, i.e. Discourse is defined as any type of discourse that is created, circulated, distributed, consumed, and consumed by society. To view discourse as discursive practices, it is important to pay attention to speech acts and coherence. These are three aspects that link a text and its wider social context. Discourse as social practice is the third dimension. The ideologies and hegemonic forces in which discourse is viewed to function. Critical Discourse AnalysisHe used leadership to refer to himself as a leader. He spoke about the world at large, but he didn’t mention Pakistan. He said that the world has the opportunity to talk about the problems it faces. The phrase “we” refers to all countries, not just Pakistan. These problems can be solved if we all work together. In the first sentence, he used must. It refers not to advising, persuading or ordering. Imran Khan attacked the Pakistani government’s previous involvement in money laundering. The wealthy use taxes to fund their personal lives. He implicitly targeted the united nations that support corrupt politicians. He stated that we have difficulties finding their western accounts when we try and find them. Imran Khan called America the victim of Islamophobia. Islamophobia spread worldwide after 9/11. Islamophobia is a form of terror that Muslims around the world consider terrorist. Because Islam is associated with terrorism, they are now facing many problems. While he asserts that Hindus, Jews, and other religions committed suicide, none of them can be blamed for being terrorists. He claimed that Islam is a peaceful religion and every other religion. He also said that no religion was responsible for terrorism, but all religions teach good principles. He is primarily trying to eradicate the term terrorism from Islam or Pakistan. Investors won’t come if Pakistan is associated with terrorism. He has changed the mindset of the entire world about Islam and Pakistan. He used the common noun Muslims to refer humanism and the verb were to show that he includes humanity in his speech. In his UN speech, he wasn’t only referring to Pakistani Muslims. He also addressed Muslims throughout the world. He said that although there are extreme fringes in all societies, compassion and justice is the base of ALL religions. He used ALL and considered each religion perfect because UN has every religion that exists. India is also a cause of Islamophobia, making Pakistan a terrorist nation. He wants to have a good relationship, but India is trying every chance it can to blacklist Pakistan. India was spying on Baluchistan and causing violence. Many people died in terrorist attacks by America and India. These nations accuse Pakistan of being a terrorist. Above five paragraphs have more humanism. He wants Kashmiri people to be self-determined. He speaks up for them. Indirectly, he also attacked united nation and said that they have not done anything to help Kashmir. India’s racial discrimination has put Kashmiri citizens in serious trouble. India believed it was better than Muslims living in India. It refers to Pakistan not getting justice …. He takes out a weapon. It’s about nuclear power. His cheering crowd is huge. What was the reaction of the international community to any atrocities committed in the Muslim world. He threatens UN to stop India causing violence in Pakistan, Kashmir and elsewhere in the world. If not, then we will use nuclear bomb against India. ConclusionImran Khan implicitly includes America in Islamophobia a. He didn’t directly state that US is responsible for terrorist attacks in Pakistan. However, he maintained good relations with the US. He did however, mention 9/11 as an example of how US is a part of the violence in the region. He made a slam against India in order to stop the violence in Pakistan. UN will take responsibility if India fails to stop it. His speech was full of humanity. He used common nouns that refer to Muslims around the world, which is people who show no discrimination towards Pakistani Muslims. Does he have any power? He used MUST, which is an indication of political power. It also indicates defense power. To clear his negative views towards Islam, he used different references to Islam. The Islamic faith is one associated with tranquility. Europe saw Islam as an intolerable religious belief. Cites
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Wei Fang. (2005). Language feature analysis and translation method for political speeches. Journal of Peking Printing College Volumn13.P75
Jalai, M. S. N. (2014). European journal for social sciences education research. Fairclough Approach: 1(2).